(Floor((18-10)/2)) == Is the Ability Modifier Calculation, (18-10) = 8 / 2 rounded Down = 4 (ceil((0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+2)/1e10) + ceil((0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+2)/4)) == Is the Calculation for Proficiency Bonus, It Adds all your class levels together and then divides by 1e10 and adds that to All class levels added together and divided by 4 rounded up. Then Rounds the sum of those 2 calculations up. + (0) == Is a global modifier that is set on the sheet on the core tab underneath the Abilities section on the left. So from your image above the calculations = ( Roll of 2 on a d20 ) + ( Intelligence Mod of 4 ) + ( Proficiency Bonus of 2 [Level 2 Wizard = (2/1e10 = 0.0000000002) + (2/4 = 0.5 Rounded up to 1 ) = 1.0000000002 Rounded up to 2 ] ) + ( 0 = No Global Modifier ) Resulting in a modified roll of 8.