What Is PTSD?
PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) is a mental health problem that
some people develop after experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening
event, like combat, a natural disaster, a car accident, or sexual
assault.
It's normal to have upsetting memories, feel on edge, or have trouble
sleeping after this type of event. At first, it may be hard to do normal
daily activities, like go to work, go to school, or spend time with
people you care about. But most people start to feel better after a few
weeks or months.
If it's been longer than a few months and you're still having
symptoms, you may have PTSD. For some people, PTSD symptoms may start
later on, or they may come and go over time.
What factors affect who develops PTSD?
PTSD can happen to anyone. It is not a sign of weakness. A number of
factors can increase the chance that someone will have PTSD, many of
which are not under that person's control. For example, having a very
intense or long-lasting traumatic event or getting injured during the
event can make it more likely that a person will develop PTSD. PTSD is
also more common after certain types of trauma, like combat and sexual
assault.
Personal factors, like previous traumatic exposure, age, and gender,
can affect whether or not a person will develop PTSD. What happens after
the traumatic event is also important. Stress can make PTSD more
likely, while social support can make it less likely.
What are the symptoms of PTSD?
PTSD symptoms usually start soon after the traumatic event, but they
may not appear until months or years later. They also may come and go
over many years. If the symptoms last longer than four weeks, cause you
great distress, or interfere with your work or home life, you might have
PTSD.
There are four types of symptoms of PTSD, but they may not be exactly the same for everyone. Each person experiences symptoms in their own way.
Reliving the event (also called re-experiencing symptoms) .
You may have bad memories or nightmares. You even may feel like you're
going through the event again. This is called a flashback. Avoiding situations that remind you of the event .
You may try to avoid situations or people that trigger memories of the
traumatic event. You may even avoid talking or thinking about the event. Having more negative beliefs and feelings . The way
you think about yourself and others may change because of the trauma.
You may feel guilt or shame. Or, you may not be interested in activities
you used to enjoy. You may feel that the world is dangerous and you
can't trust anyone. You might be numb, or find it hard to feel happy. Feeling keyed up (also called hyperarousal) . You
may be jittery, or always alert and on the lookout for danger. Or, you
may have trouble concentrating or sleeping. You might suddenly get angry
or irritable, startle easily, or act in unhealthy ways (like smoking,
using drugs and alcohol, or driving recklessly.