Greetings, I have asked this question on the official M&M forums, but I thought I would ask it here as well, in case anyone has any insights. M&M is purposefully vague about distances because it is a game that is not designed to necessarily need a tactical map and miniatures. However, I do like to use a tactical map and miniatures, which is why I love Roll20 (not that you need to use it as a tactical map, but it is well designed to do so). The M&M 3E rules give you enough information, in most cases, for you to figure out without too much hassle the tactical distances in a given encounter. However, I have run into one instance where I cannot find enough information to aid me in getting even a basic idea of the distance over which an effect can be used. An effect can be upgraded to be "ranged" which gives the effect a range equal to a specified multiple of its rank. So calculating basic ranges for a "ranged" effect is easy. However, effects can be upgraded further to a range of "perception" which allows the effect to be used at any range provided you can "accurately perceive" the target. The question is how to interpret "accurately perceive". In the rules it says that vision and touch are accurate senses for normally functional human beings. My question is specifically about vision. How far away can a normally functioning human being in a M&M game visually "accurately perceive" a human sized object, provided there is no concealment or cover involved. This is important for effects such as mental powers of control, perception range burst area damage effects, etc. Can a character that can dominate the wills of others with a range of perception, take over the mind of someone who is hundreds or even thousands of feet away provided they can see them, even if they appear as the size of an ant or a dot? That seems absurd. So the "accurately" qualification must have some bearing on the distance. At first I looked at the weights and measures chart. The distance that one can accurately perceive something has to be affected by the size of the object, so I thought I would look for the approximate size of a human being and try to determine what a reasonable distance would be based on the chart. I figured that a normal human occupies a space about 6'x2'x1' ish, so about 12cft. Rounding up to 15cft, we find volume rank 4. If we make a lateral move to the distance column we find a distance of 500 ft. That sounded a little far, so I next went to the rules for perception checks. A perception check with an accurate sense, in this case vision, incurs no penalties under 10ft. However, at 10ft. and for every additional 10ft. there is a -1 penalty to the check. So, a normally functional human being is said to have a rank of zero in all abilities and skills, so a modifier of zero on such checks. That means (on my interpretation of the rules) that on a routine check (a roll of 10 on a d20) that normally functional human being would (essentially automatically) succeed in perceiving an object less than 10 feet away which is not concealed. That makes sense. Now if we extend the range by ten foot increments taking into account the -1 penalty for each increment, we reach a -9 penalty at 90ft. This means that at 90ft on a routine check (a roll of 10 on a d20) a normally functional human being would automatically fail to perceive an object that is not concealed. This makes sense too, because one would have to exert some effort to accurately pick out an object at that distance. Now, if we extend the range further, at 190ft we reach a -19 penalty which means that on any check (a roll of a d20 with a +0 modifier) a normally functional human being would automatically fail to perceive an object even though it is not concealed. So how does perception check ability affect the ability to "accurately perceive" an object in the context of using an effect on it? What does this mean for effects with the "perception" range? One's perception check bonus effectively extends the range at which one can automatically perceive objects with an accurate sense. And extras like "extended" for sense effects can multiply the range at which perception checks can be made with no penalty. And how does the size of the perceived object factor into the distance at which it can be "accurately perceived"? So, my question is simply, roughly how far can an effect with the range of "perception" be used? Or more specifically, how far away can a normally functioning human being in the M&M rules "accurately perceive" an object roughly the size of an average human being?